Pengertian Clause Clause adalah kelompok kata yang mengandung subject dan predicate. Clause mungkin berupasentence (dapat berdiri sendiri sebagai suatu kalimat: independent clause) atau sepertisentence (tidak dapat berdiri sendiri: dependent clause) yang berada di dalam complex sentence.
• Independent clause dapat berdiri sendiri sebagai suatu kalimat. Tipe kalimat yang terdiri dari satu independent clause disebut simple sentence. Klausa ini dapat pula dikombinasikan dengan independent clause yang lain untuk membentuk compound sentence (digabungkan oleh coordinate conjunction: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so; adverbial conjunction (however, rather, therefore, dll).
• Dependent Clause mengandung subject dan predicate namun tidak dapat mengungkapkan suatu pikiran yang utuh karena klausa ini diawali oleh suatu kata (subordinator) yang menyebabkan makna dari klausa tersebut menggantung. Klausa ini harus dihubungkan (membentuk complex sentence) atau disatukan dengan independent clause untuk menjadikannya “make sense” atau dapat dipahami maknanya sebagai kalimat yang utuh. Ada tiga dependent clause dasar, yaitu: noun clause, adjective clause, dan adverbial clause.
Type Of Sentences:
Simple, Compound, Complex and Compound-Complex
1. Simple Sentences
A simple sentence has the most basic elements that make it a sentence: a subject, a verb, and a completed thought.
Examples of simple sentences include the following:
1. Joe waited for the train. "Joe" = subject, "waited" = verb
2. The train was late. "The train" = subject, "was" = verb
3. Mary and Samantha took the bus. "Mary and Samantha" = compound subject, "took" = verb
4. I looked for Mary and Samantha at the bus station. "I" = subject, "looked" = verb
5. Mary and Samantha arrived at the bus station early but waited until noon for the bus. "Mary and Samantha" = compound subject, "arrived" and "waited" = compound verb
Tip: If you use many simple sentences in an essay, you should consider revising some of the sentences into compound or complex sentences (explained below).
The use of compound subjects, compound verbs, prepositional phrases (such as "at the bus station"), and other elements help lengthen simple sentences, but simple sentences often are short. The use of too many simple sentences can make writing "choppy" and can prevent the writing from flowing smoothly. A simple sentence can also be referred to as an independent clause. It is referred to as "independent" because, while it might be part of a compound or complex sentence, it can also stand by itself as a complete sentence.
2. Compound Sentences
A compound sentence refers to a sentence made up of two independent clauses (or complete sentences) connected to one another with a coordinating conjunction. Coordinating conjunctions are easy to remember if you think of the words
"FAN BOYS": For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet and So
Examples of compound sentences include the following:
1. Joe waited for the train, but the train was late.
2. I looked for Mary and Samantha at the bus station, but they arrived at the station before noon and left on the bus before I arrived.
3. Mary and Samantha arrived at the bus station before noon, and they left on the bus before I arrived. Mary and Samantha left on the bus before I arrived, so I did not see them at the bus station.
3. Complex Sentences
A complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and one or more dependent clauses connected to it. A dependent clause is similar to an independent clause, or complete sentence, but it lacks one of the elements that would make it a complete sentence.
Examples of dependent clauses include the following:
because Mary and Samantha arrived at the bus station before noon
while he waited at the train station
after they left on the bus
Dependent clauses such as those above cannot stand alone as a sentence, but they can be added to an independent clause to form a complex sentence.
Dependent clauses begin with subordinating conjunctions. Below are some of the most common subordinating conjunctions:
•after •before
•though •whenever
•although •even though
•unless •whereas
•as •if
•until •wherever
•because •since
•when •while
A complex sentence joins an independent clause with one or more dependent clauses.
The dependent clauses can go first in the sentence, followed by the independent clause, as in the following:
1. Because Mary and Samantha arrived at the bus station before noon, I did not see them at the station.
2. While he waited at the train station, Joe realized that the train was late.
3. After they left on the bus, Mary and Samantha realized that Joe was waiting at the train station.
Conversely, the independent clauses can go first in the sentence, followed by the dependent clause, as in the following:
1. I did not see them at the station because Mary and Samantha arrived at the bus station before noon. 2. Joe realized that the train was late while he waited at the train station.
3. Mary and Samantha realized that Joe was waiting at the train station after they left on the bus.
4.Compound-Complex Sentences
A compound-complex sentence is made from two independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.
Some examples:
1. Although I like to go camping, I haven't had the time to go lately, and I haven't found anyone to go with.
• independent clause: "I haven't had the time to go lately"
• independent clause: "I haven't found anyone to go with"
• dependent clause: "Although I like to go camping... "
2. We decided that the movie was too violent, but our children, who like to watch scary movies, thought that we were wrong.
• independent clause: "We decided that the movie was too violent"
• independent clause: "(but) our children thought that we were wrong"
• dependent clause: who like to watch scary movies Widget edited
0 komentar:
Posting Komentar